2020 年自学考试《英语（二）》00015复习
第一部分：阅读判断（第 1～10 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分）
下面的短文后列出了 10 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择 C。
The Inventor of LED
When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor（半导体）alloys (合金）,his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes,or LEDs, is used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.
On April 23,2004, Holonyak received the $ 500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors.
“Anytime you get an award，big or little,it’s always a surprise,” Holonyak said.
Holonyak,75 ,was a student of John Bardeen,an inventor of the transistor（晶体管）,in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking into how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs,and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.
Holonyak，now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois，said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace(平凡的）as they are today， but didn’t realize how many uses they would have.
“You don’t know in the beginning. You think you’re doing something important，you think it’s worth doing，but you really can’t tell what the big payoff(成果）is going to be，and when，and how. You just don’t know，” he said.
The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen ,75 , with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for the work on a new generation of “molecular（分子）sieves（滤网）” that can separate molecules by size.
1.Holonyak’s colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
2.Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson MIT Prize sooner or later.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
3.Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
4.LEDs used in traffic lights are developed by Holonyak’s students.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
5.When Holonyak invented LEDs,he believed that they would have a wide range of uses.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
6.Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
7.LEDs are more environmentally friendly than incandescent bulbs.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
8.Holonyak was surprised to receive the Lemelson-MIT Prize.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
9.Edith Flanigen was also awarded Lemelson-MIT Prize for his work on LEDs.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
10.The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
第二部分：阅读选择（第 11～15 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的 4 个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出 1 个最佳选项。
Rare Fossil Record
The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers (食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs (鱼龙)had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals,they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still,their fossilization required a suite of factors：a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals,a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors,some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.
The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black，bituminous marine shales（页岩）deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding,but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.
Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles,for example,are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.
Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
11.All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the_____
A.speed of burying
B.conditions of the water
C.rate at which soft tissues decay
D.cause of death of the animal
12.Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?
A.They include examples of newly discovered species.
B.They contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.
C.They are older than fossils found in other places.
D.They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.
13.The word “outstanding” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_____ .
A.“extensive”
B.“surprising”
C.“vertical”
D.“excellent”
14.Why does the author mention the specimen preserved in the birth canal?
A.To illustrate that the embryo fossils are quite advanced in their development.
B.To explain why the fossils are well preserved.
C.To indicate how the ichthyosaurs died.
D.To prove that ichthyosaurs are marine animals.
15.Which of the following best expresses the relationship between the first and second paragraphs?
A. The first paragraph describes a place while the second paragraph describes a field of study.
B.The first paragraph defines the terms that are used in the second paragraph.
C.The second paragraph describes a specific instance of the general topic discussed
in the first paragraph.
D.The second paragraph presents information that contrasts with the information given in the first paragraph.
第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第 16～25 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的 2 项测试任务：（1）从第 16～20 题后所给的 6 个选项中为第①～⑤段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题，（2）从第 21～25 题后所给的 6 个选项中选择 5 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
The Making of a Success Story
IKEA is the world’s largest furniture retailer,and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural business man. As a child,he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches,seeds and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17,his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business IKEA.
IKEA’s name comes form Kamprad’s initials (I.K.)and the place where he grew up (‘E’ and ‘A’). Today IKEA is known for its modern,minimalist furniture,but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad’s wares included anything that he could sell for profits at low prices, including watches, pens and stockings.
IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufactures near Kamprad’s home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.
In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult,Sweden, IKEA is known today for its spacious stress with furniture in attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.
In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays,IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.
Task 1
16.Paragraph1____.
17.Paragraph2____.
18.Paragraph3____.
19.Paragraph4____.
20.Paragraph5____.
A.Ingvar Kamprad—a born businessman
B.Success brought by the introduction of showrooms
C.The origin of IKEA
D.Specialization in selling furniture
E.Flat packaging-a feature of IKEA
F.World-wide expansion of IKEA
Task 2
21.Even when he was only a child, ______.
22._____,and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.
23.Customers liked the idea of IKEA’s showrooms because_____.
24.As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers,_____.
25.The self-sufficiency has done wonders for the company,_____.
A.IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of things of low prices
B.it is highly welcomed by both
C.Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business
D.he lives happily in retirement
E.Here they can see and and try the furniture they are going to buy
F.which leads to better sales
第四部分：填句补文（第 26～30 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分）
下面的短文有 5 处空白，短文后又 6 个句子，其中 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别
放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Work is a Blessing
I grew up in Lakeland, LA,one of 12 children, We all lived on my parents’ subsistence farm, We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, and chickens and had a large garden, but it didn’t bring in much cash.____26___ We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.
In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go mile those cows. ____27____
I looked at those two men who had worked harder than I ever had—my father eking out a living on that farm and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. ___28___
Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing,I’d always look forward to my work. But he also added,“Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.”____29___And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years,three months and three days.
In the late 1980s,during a visit to Bangladesh,I saw a woman with a baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they weren’t using a machine,which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. ____30___ And as bad as that woman’s job was it was enough to keep a small family alive. It reminded me of my father’s words: To work is a blessing.
A.Breaking those bricks meant she could earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day.
B.I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years be fore it sank in
C.So when I was 12,1 got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows.
D.I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC program to help pay for college.
E.My father said,“Ya know,boy,to work is a blessing.”
F.I don’t think I will ever quit working.
第五部分：填词补文（第 31～40 题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
下面的短文有 10 处空白，短文后列出 12 个词，其中 10 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Saving Money
Where you save your money often depends on what you are saving for. If you are saving to buy a dictionary or to go to a concert,then you probably keep your money ___31___ in your room.
If you are ___32___ for a big purchase like a mountain bike or a school trip,where would you save your money?
One place to save money is the bank. Putting your money in a savings account will help your money___33___ more money. If you put your money in a piggy bank (猪形储蓄罐），one year later you’11 still have the ___34___ amount of money you put in. If you put your money in a savings account,one year later,you’ 11 have more money than you put in. Why?
When you keep your money in a ___35___, your money earns interest. ___36___ is the amount of money a bank pays you to use your money. The bank uses your money（and the money of other people，too）to loan money to people and businesses.
Another way you can save money is to buy a certificate of deposit or CD. If you have some money that you don’t need to use for a ___37___ time，this is a good way to make your money ___38___ .
Since the bank is using your money for that time period, it will ___39___ You will earn more interest with a CD than in a savings account. Can you guess why? It’s because you promise to leave your money in the bank for a certain period of time. Banks pay ___40___ rates of interest.
A.long
B.same
C.bank
D.earn
E.pay
F.grow
G.inside
H.different
I.interest
J.somewhere
K.saving
L.raise
第六部分：完形补文（第 41～50 题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
下面的短文有 10 处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌。
How to Deal With Pressure?
With the current mood of global ___41___ (certain) and an ___42___ (economy) recession, people are likely to suffer from increased stress, depression and anxiety. These ___43 ___(psychology) symptoms, in a new twist to the old saying of“mind over matter” ,can lead to actual physical problems. The mind and the body are ___44___ (integrate) system. It’s like a web. If one part is ___45___ (disturb),it will directly or indirectly,affect another part.Hence, psychological and emotional reactions will trigger physical responses.
When a person feels a threat to his well-being,the brain reacts by ___46___ (release) chemicals.For example,the adrenal gland(肾上腺）in the brain may release adrenaline (肾上腺素）which prepares the body to respond to physical threats. The brain’s neuro-chemistry programs a person to react in one of the classic ways：fight,flight or fright.
Are you sleeping well? Are you eating well? Are you working or studying well? Any mental health problem would affect these three areas of behavior. Some people deal with stress and ___47___ (anxious) by turning to ___48___ (religious),others by talking to friends and family. But are there other options? Exercise is a good outlet. Play a game. Go jogging. You will be ___49___ ( concentrate)on doing something. There is a target to be ___50___ ( achieve) and will occupy your mind. Go Karaoke singing and dancing with friends. The worst thing to do is to sit at home and think.
第七部分：短文写作（第 51 题，共 30 分）
请根据所提供材料中的要求撰写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。
You want to sell some of your furniture. You think a friend of yours might like to buy it from you. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter, 1) explain why you are selling your furniture；2) describe the furniture；3) suggest a date when your friend can come and see the furniture. You do not need to write the address. Begin your letter as follows： Dear…
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