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2011
46、Directions:
In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. （15 points）
Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do — roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?
谁曾料想，全球 IT业产生的温室气体和全球航空公司所产生的温室气体总量竟是一样多的——约占二氧化碳排放总量的2%。
Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer.
很多日常工作对环境的损害是惊人的。根据人们得到“正确”答案所需查询次数不同，每在谷歌上搜索一次便会产生0.2到7.0克的二氧化碳。
To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat , so the centres need to be well air-conditioned , which uses even more energy.
为了快速将搜索结果传递给用户，谷歌不得不借助功能强大的计算机系统来维护全球各大数据库中心。这些计算机在产生大量二氧化碳的同时，还释放出了大量的热量，因此数据中心又必须装备很好的散热设备，这就会消耗更多的能源。
However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.
不过，谷歌和其他大型技术提供商们严密监控他们数据中心的效率，并做了许多改进。监控只是减排道路上的第一步，还有很多工作要做，而这也并非只是大公司的任务。
2012
46、Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.（15 points）
When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world .
发展中国家的人考虑移民时，通常关心的是到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学里工作这样最美好最光明的前景。
These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .
这些人正是英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家想要通过对大学毕业生提供优惠的移民条例来吸引的人才。
Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .
许多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其可能移民。
A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.
2004年对印度家庭的一项大规模调查表明，将近40%移居国外的人受过高中以上教育，而与之形成对比的是：全印度25岁以上受过高中以上教育的人约为3.3%。
This “brain drain “has long bothered policymakers in poor countries . They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .
这种“人才流失”现象长期困扰着贫困国家的决策者。他们担心这会损害本国经济，使他们失去急需的熟练劳动者，这些人本可以留在国内在大学任教、在医院工作或设计新奇产品供工厂生产。
2013
I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was four.
自从四岁，我就具备这种能力：从过去的53年间任选一天，我能立刻回想起当时我身在何方，当天新闻中发生何事，甚至那天是周几。
I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly.
我从不会因大脑吸信息量过大而感到难以承受。我的大脑似乎可以处理它们，并将其有序地存储于脑中。
When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer.
每当忆及忧伤往事，和其他人一样，我会尽量将其搁置一旁。我不认为因为我的记忆更为清晰，自己就比其他人更难做到此事。
Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before.
好记性并没有让我的情感体验更鲜活生动。祖父去世那天的情景和之前那天我去医院看望他时的伤心欲绝都历历在目。
I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.
我也还记得当天在音乐剧《毛发》百老汇开场演出。这两件事都以同样的方式跃入我的脑海。
2014
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.
大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐，如同总是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的虚假的快乐。
“Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义意味着要活在现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者会因势利导，而非求全责备。
Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others.
Ben-Shahar 会使用三种乐观的方法。比如说，当他因搞砸了一场演讲而倍感郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是很正常的事，提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖，总会有一些演讲效果不及其他。
Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
接着为改进。他分析了一些效果不好的演讲并且从那些起效和无效的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后是看待问题的角度，即在生活的宏伟计划中，一次演讲真的无足轻重。
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