考研阅读文化教育类阅读强化（下）
Text 2
1 “The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good .
2 In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
2010年，国会的的主要民主党人和共和党人致信美国艺术和科学研究院，要求其确定“联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、个人捐助者以及其他群体” 可以采取的措施，以“维护国家在人文科学与社会科学领域的学术研究和教育方面的优势。”
In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences, with Duke University President Richard Brodhead and retired Exelon CEO John Rowe as co-chairmen. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.
3 The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.
To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day . The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.
4 Unfortunately, despite 2.5 years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for disseminating “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda .
5 Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets, self-reliance and a distrust of central planning—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
6 The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that congress asked it to illuminate.
36、According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?
A. Critical
B. Appreciative
C. Contemptuous
D. Tolerant
参考答案：A
37、Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .
A. retain people’s interest in liberal education
B. define the government’s role in education
C. keep a leading position in liberal education
D. safeguard individuals rights to education
参考答案：C
38、According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests .
A. an exclusive study of American history
B. a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects
C. the application of emerging technologies
D. funding for the study of foreign languages
参考答案：C
39、The author implies in Paragraph S that professors are .
A. supportive of free markets
B. cautious about intellectual investigation
C. conservative about public policy
D. biased against classical liberal ideas
参考答案：D
40、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”
B. Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”
C. The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education
D. Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education
参考答案：B
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
inexorable 不可避免的=inevitable
art coverage 艺术报道
定语in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
状语Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century
过去的25年间，发生在英文报纸上的所有变化中，影响最为深远的变化可能就是其艺术报道上的范畴和严肃性的不可避免的衰退。
“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”
主句由so …… that 的句型展开，如此……以至于……few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough 表示几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋
keep their own end up表示写作中坚持不懈，（不顾 困难）仍乐观而尽本分, 不泄气
I am tempted to我非常想做某事，define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt把新闻写作定义为轻蔑之词，
writers who are not read to writers who are中省略， 补充完整为writers who are not read to writers who are read to writers，每一个who对应修饰前面的writers，表示不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家。
“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们能在新闻报纸写作中坚持不懈”， 纽曼曾写道，“以至于我非常想把新闻写作定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个轻蔑之词” 。
upholstered
[ʌp’həulstəd]
adj. 装上软垫的；经过布置的
Vicwardian
维多-华德时期的（Victorian&Edwardian，维多利亚女王及爱德华七世时期）
Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.
早在他去世之前，新闻业的品味就已经变了，后现代的读者也很少阅读他所擅长的华丽的维多利亚—爱德华时期风格的散文。
Regrettably,however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
to address the true nature of the crisis facingliberal education，动词不定式短语做后置定语：修饰failure
facing liberal education现在分词短语做后置定语：修饰crisis
然而，遗憾的是该报告没有论及通才教育所面临危机的真正本质，这可能造成弊大于利的结果。
To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
craft [krɑ:ft] n.工艺，手艺；船；航空器
c=can-能够，raft-筏子 → 能够像“筏子”一样漂浮在水面上——即“船”，引申为“工艺，手艺”; 源于当时最能体现古人高超“技艺”的东西就是“船”，因为船不仅能够漂浮在水面上，而且还能够远航探险，可以说“船”是古时最为先进和神奇的交通工具。
coherent[kəu’hiərənt] adj.
co-共同，一起，her-词根，粘黏，粘附，ent-的 → “粘” 在一起的——即“有粘性的；粘合在一起的”
①有粘性的；粘合在一起的
②前后一致的，协调的
③ （话语等）条理清楚的，连贯的。
To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
To encourage innovation and competition做目的状语， 主语是the report ，谓语是calls for。
宾语2中含一个定语从句that improve…in the 21st century，修饰coherent curricula，从句中不定式结构to solve…and communicate…century是修饰ability的后置定语。
宾语4中不定式结构to bring… the day做scholars的目的状语
译文：为了鼓励创新和竞争，报告呼吁加大科研投资力度;呼吁打造连贯的课程，以提高学生在21世纪解决问题和进行有效沟通的能力;还呼吁增加对老师的资助，并鼓励学者把他们的学识与当下巨大的挑战联系起来。
disseminate
英 [dɪˈsemɪneɪt] 美 [dɪˈsemɪneɪt]
vt. 宣传，传播；散布
vi. 散布；广为传播
disseminate manner 传播方式
civilization disseminate 文化传播
disseminate information 传播信息
They disseminated anti-French propaganda.
他们散布了反法宣传资料。
Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for disseminating “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.
同样令人扼腕的是，美国国内大学校园中曾经存在的探究精神已经被用作宣传“改革派”或左翼自由主义工具的人文和社会科学所取代。
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