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完形填空（四）
2010
1 In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting___1___ workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended ___2___ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3___to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.
1、A. affected B. achieved [C] extracted D. restored
2、A. at B. up C. with D. off
3、A. truth B. sight C. act D. proof
参考答案：A、B、C
2 The idea arose because of the ___4___ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to ___5___ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not ___6___ what was done in the experiment; ___7___something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) ___8___ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ___9___ to alter workers’ behavior ___10___itself.
4、A. controversial B. perplexing [C] mischievous D. ambiguous
5、A. requirements B. explanations [C] accounts D. assessments
6、A. conclude B. matter C. indicate D. work
7、A. as far as B. for fear that C. in case that D. so long as
8、A. awareness B. expectation C. sentiment D. illusion
9、A. suitable B. excessive C. enough D. abundant
10、A. about B. for C. on D. by
参考答案：B、C、B、D、A、C、D
3 After several decades, the same data were ___11___ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store ___12___the descriptions on record, no systematic ___13___ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.
11、A. compared B. shown C. subjected D. conveyed
12、A. contrary to B. consistent with
C. parallel with D. peculiar to
13、A. evidence B. guidance C. implication D. source
霍桑实验还蕴藏着另一个令人吃惊的结果。与记载的实验描述相反，没有系统的证据证明生产效率和灯光变化有关。
参考答案：C、A、A
4 It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to ___14___ interpretation of what happed. ___15___, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output ___16___rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. ___18___, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers ___19___ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before ___20___ a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.
14、A. disputable B. enlightening C. reliable D. misleading
15、A. In contrast B. For example C. In consequence D. As usual
16、[A] duly B. accidentally C. unpredictably D. suddenly
17、A. failed B. ceased C. started D. continued
18、A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Meanwhile
19、A. attempted B. tended C. chose D. intended
20、A. breaking B. climbing C. surpassing [D] hitting
参考答案：D、B、A、D、C、B、D
extract[ˈekstrækt]
v. 提取，提炼；索取，设法得到；选取，摘录
n. 摘录，引文；榨出物
Language teachers often extract examples from grammar books.
语言教师常从语法书里摘录例子。
Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very act to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.
subject 作名词时，是“主题、学科、对象、主语”的意思，结合 语境，本句中意为“接受实验对象，受试者”。作动词时，意为“使服从；使遭受”，常与 to 搭配。作形容词时，意为“受…支配的；易遭…的”。
end up doing sth.“结果是…，最终…”。
the extremely influential idea…补充说明 Hawthorne effect，是其同位语，其中 idea 之后是 that 引导的同位语从句。
同位语从句中，主句为 the very act，of being experimented upon 是其后置定语，谓语为 changes，宾语是 subjects’ behavior。
然而，这些研究最终以被冠之为“霍桑效应”的概念而告终，这个极具影响力的概念认为，仅仅是接受实验这一行为就足以使受试者的表现发生改变。
mischievous [ˈmɪstʃɪvəs]
adj.顽皮的;捣蛋的;招惹是非的;恶意的
On the earth’s surface the artificial divisions that we have made between living and non-living, biotic and abiotic, organic and inorganic, are not only false but mischievous.
在地球表面，我们对生物和非生物、生命体和非生命体、有机物和无机物所作的人为划分不光是错误而且是有害的。
account
n.账户；账目；描述
v.认为是；视为
He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fateful night.
他详细描述了那个灾难性夜晚所发生的事。
A. as far as
至于，直到，远到；就…而言
It only lasted a couple of years, as far as I know.
据我所知，它仅维持了几年。
B. for fear that
生怕，唯恐；以免；以防万一
He worked hard for fear that he might be fired by the boss.
他拼命地干活惟恐被老板解雇。
C. in case that
万一，如果
Watch in case that the child touches that electric wire.
注意别让孩子去触摸那根电线。
D. so long as
只要
So long as there is a demand for these drugs, the financial incentive for drug dealers will be there.
只要对这些毒品有需求，也就存在着对贩毒者的经济诱因。
duly
英 [ˈdjuːli] 美 [ˈduːli]
adv. 适当地；充分地；按时地
These letters were duly handed in, and copies were given to the press representatives.
这些信件已如期交来，抄件已发给新闻界各位代表。
plateau[ˈplætəʊ]
n.高原；（发展、增长后的）稳定期，停滞期
v.（在一段时期的发展后）保持稳定水平，处于停滞状态
A broad valley opened up leading to a high, flat plateau of cultivated land.
一条宽阔的山谷展现在眼前，通往一处平整的开垦地高原。
2014
As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 _ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 _, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 _seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) _4 __ impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 _ .
1、A. where B. when C. that D. why
2、A. improves B. fades C. recovers D. collapses
3、A. If B. Unless C. Once D. While
4、A. uneven B. limited C. damaging D. obscure
5、A. wellbeing B. environment C. relationship D. outlook
参考答案：A、B、D、C、A
Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 _ can significantly improve our basic cognitive __8 __ . Thinking is essentially a 9 __ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 __ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. __11__ , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 __ mental effort.
6、A. turns B. finds C. points D. figures
7、[A] roundabouts B. responses C. workouts D. associations
8、[A] genre B. functions C. circumstances D. criterion
9、A. channel B. condition C. sequence D. process
10、A. persist B. believe C. excel D. feature
11、A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. However
12、A. according to B. regardless of C. apart from D. instead of
参考答案：A、C、B、D、C、D、A
Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 __ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 __ .
13、A. back B. further
C. aside D. around
14、A. sharpness B. stability
C. framework D. flexibility
参考答案：B、A
The Web-based program 15 _ _you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16__ of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17__ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18__ modifies and enhances the games you play to 19__ on the strengths you are developing–much like a(n) 20 __ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
15、A. forces B. reminds C. hurries D. allows
16、A. hold B. track C. order D. pace
17、A. to B. with C. for D. on
18、A. irregularly B. habitually C. constantly D. unusually
19、A. carry B. put C. build D. take
20、A. risky B. effective C. idle D. familiar
参考答案：D、B、D、C、C、B
roundabout
n.（交通）环岛；（游乐设施）旋转平台
adj.迂回的；间接的；兜圈子的
swings and roundabouts
（表示无论如何决定都有利有弊）有得必有失
If you earn more, you pay more in tax, so it’s all swings and roundabouts.
赚的越多，缴的税也越多，所以有得必有失。
genre [ˈʒɑːnrə]
n.（文学、艺术、电影或音乐的）体裁，类型
The musical lyric literature as a new genre and style in modern Chinese literature matured in Shen Congwen’s works.
现代中国的音乐抒情文学这一新类型和新风格，在沈从文手中趋于成熟。
Different in genre and scope, both books are nonetheless shaped by personal experience.
不同于文学上的作品和体裁，这两本书都注入了大量的个人经历。
It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 .
事实证明，大脑同肌肉一样需要锻炼，而且适当的大脑锻炼可以极大地改善我们的基本认知。
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