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What Is a Decision?
A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
决策是一种选择，来自可以获得的、任择其一的行动步骤。作决策的意图是要确立和实现机构的目标和目的。作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西妨碍目标或目的的实现。
Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, and indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events.
因此，作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。管理者所做的每件事几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有些人认为管理过程就是作决策。尽管管理者不能预测未来，但他们所作的许多决策都要求他们考虑将来可能发生的事情。
Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions . Sometimes the consequence s of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.
通常情况下，管理者必须对未来情况作出最佳估测，并且 努力要使偶然事件尽可能少地发生，但是，由于不确定的因素一直存在，所以，决策总是与风险为伴。有时候，拙劣决策的后果并不严重，但在另外一些时候则是非常严重了。
Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice. For example, a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree.
选择是指从多个可能性中挑选的机会。如果没有选择，就毋须作决策。作决策就是挑选的过程，许多决策的选择范围很广。例如，一个学生为了获得学位，他可能会从许多不同的课程中选择从而作出决策。
For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. These constraints exist at all levels of the organization.
对管理者来说，每项决策都受到基于政策、程序、法律、惯例等等因素的制约，这些制约存在于各个层次的机构中。
Slavery on Our Doorstep
There are estimatd to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain (the exact figure is not known because the Home Office, the Government department that deals with this, does not keep statistics).
据统计，在英国工作的外籍家庭佣人有两万多人（由于处理该项事务的政府部门————内政部——没有做过统计，精确数字不得而知）。
Usually, they have been brought over by foreign businessmen, diplomats or Britons returning from abroad. Of these 20,000, just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain.
通常，他们是由外国商人、外交官员和归国英侨带来的。根据设在伦敦的帮助在伦敦工作的外籍家庭佣人的政治组织说，在两万多外籍家庭佣人中几乎有2000人正遭受雇主的剥削和虐待。
The abuse can take several forms. Often the domestics are not allowed to go out, and they do not receive any payment . They can be physically , sexually and psychologically abused. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible.
虐待有几种形式：家庭佣人常常不允许外出，又得不到任何报酬。他们在身体上、性和心理上遭受凌辱。他们还会被收去护照，使得出走或“逃跑”根本不可能。
The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.
今年年初，几个透明度颇高的案例中有关世界各地的家庭女佣的悲惨状况受到新闻媒体的关注。其中一个案例是讲一位菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪在新加坡被处死，尽管有来自各地的抗议认为她的罪名不足以成立。
Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention, such as that of Lydia Garcia, a Filipino maid working in London:
诸如“反对奴隶制国际组织”之类的团体说，一些不那么戏剧化的其他案例也应同样受到人们的关注，比如莉迪亚･加西亚，一位在伦敦工作的菲律宾女佣的案例。
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