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完形填空（五）
2008
1 The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1_ to say it anyway.
1、A. selected B. prepared
C. obliged D. pleased
参考答案：B
oblige [əˈblaɪdʒ]
记忆技巧：ob 加强 + lig 捆绑 + e → 绑住某人 → 迫使；束缚
v.（以法律、义务等）强迫，迫使；（根据要求或需要）帮忙，效劳
Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.
法律规定父母必须送子女入学。
hypotheses [haiˈpɔθisiːz]
n.臆测，假定
Dr Hyland was only able to cite two cases in support of his hypotheses.
海兰德博士只能引用两个例子来支持他提出的那些假设。
He is that 2 _bird, a scientist who works independently 3 __ any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 _ thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.
2、A. unique B. particula C. special D. rare
3、A. of B. with C. In D. against
4、A. subsequently B. presently
C. previously D. lately
参考答案：D、A、C
He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.
arouse (not little/much/a lot of)controversy 意为“引起（不少）争议”
suggest 意为“提出”
多重复合句。主句主干是 He helped popularize the idea that…infections 为 idea 的同位语从句
其中 not previously…cause 作 diseases 的后置定语
which 引导的非限定性定语从句修饰 the idea
when 引导时间状语从句，其中代词 it 也指代 the idea
他曾经使一种观点广为人知，即某些以前被认为不是由细菌导致的疾病实际上也是传染病，这一观点在首次提出时就引起了很多争议。
2 5 _ he, however, might tremble at the 6 _ of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 _ that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8__ are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.
5、A. Only B. So C. Even D. Hence
6、A. thought B. sight C. cost D. risk
7、A. advises B. suggests C. protests D. objects
8、A. progress B. fact C. need D. question
参考答案：C、A、B、D
3 This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 _12-15 points above the 10 _ value of 100, and have contributed 11 __to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 __of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, _13___ they also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer.
9、A. attaining B. scoring C. reaching D. calculating
10、A. normal B. common C. mean D. total
11、A. unconsciously B. disproportionately
C. indefinitely D. unaccountably
12、A. missions B. fortunes C. interests D. careers
13、A. affirm B. witness C. observe D. approve
参考答案：B、C、B、D、A
A. unconsciously
adv.无意地；不知不觉地
B. disproportionately
adv.不成比例地
C. indefinitely
adv.无限期地
The trial was postponed indefinitely.
审讯无限期延迟。
D. unaccountably
adv.难以解释地；莫名其妙地；无明显原因地
These facts, 14 __ are previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 __ social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16__ education.
14、A. moreover B. therefore
C. however D. meanwhile
15、A. given up B. got over
C. carried on D. put down
16、A. assessing B. supervising
C. administering D. valuing
参考答案：C、D、D
give up
放弃；戒除；认输；辞去（工作）；让出；自首；投案
get over
从（不快或疾病中）恢复过来；克服，战胜（问题、困难）；向…讲清；使明白
carry on
继续；接着；坚持；举行；进行；开展；喋喋不休；絮絮叨叨
put down (to)
把…归因于…
The latter was seen as a (an) 17 _ of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 __ . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 _ _them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 __ state of affairs.
17、A. development B. origin
C. consequence D. instrument
18、A. linked B. integrated C. woven D. combined
19、A. limited B. subjected C. converted D. directed
20、A. paradoxical B. incompatible
C. inevitable D. continuous
参考答案：C、A、B、A
intimately
adv.紧密，密切地，直接地
I know this feeling all too intimately.
我太清楚这种感受了。
In opposition, I came to know my country intimately.
在野时，我对我国形成了真切了解。
integrate
v.（使）合并，成为一体；（使）加入，融入群体
These programs will integrate with your existing software.
这些程序将和你的已有软件可综合成整体。
paradoxical [ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkl]
adj.自相矛盾的
incompatible [ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl]
adj.（与某事物）不一致，不相配；（与某人）合不来，不能和睦相处；（与某物）不匹配；配伍禁忌的；不兼容；互斥的
inevitable
adj.不可避免的；不能防止的；必然发生的事；不可避免的
continuous
adj.不断的；持续的；连续的；延伸的；
His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.
在表语从句中，主语为the unusual history ofthese people，谓语为hassubjected，宾语为them，
介词短语to unique evolutionarypressures为宾语补足语，说明宾语所处的状态；
后面还有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词pressures
他的论据是：这些人不同寻常的历史使他们遭受了独一无二的进化压力，正是这种压力导致了这种矛盾状态。
2007
1 By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 _ _of these nations looked 2 _ _to the future.
1、A. natives B. inhabitants
C. peoples D. individuals
2、A. confusedly B. cheerfully
C. worriedly D. hopefully
参考答案：B、D
A. natives
本地人；
B. inhabitant
居民；
C. peoples
民族；
D. individuals
个体；
Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 __ the ideas of representative government, careers 4 __to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 _ _to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.
3、A. shared B. forgot C. attained D. rejected
4、A. related B. close C. open D. devoted
5、A. access B. succession C. right D. return
参考答案：A、C、C
Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.
本句中宾语的后置定语很长，理解的时候要把握好句子的主干结构。
本句的主干是many of the leaders of independence（主语）+shared（谓语）+ the ideals（宾语1）+a belief（宾语2）
在句首主语之前的部分是状语，充当主句的原因
介宾结构of representative…society和in the individual…是宾语的后置定语
这些独立国家的许多领导人出生于旧政权和伊比利亚殖民统治的危机时期，他们均认同的理念有：成立代议制政府、任人唯才、实行自由贸易、享有私有财产权以及坚信个人是社会的基础。
regime [reɪˈʒiːm]
n.（尤指未通过公正选举的）统治方式，统治制度，政权，政体；组织方法；管理体制
Colonialism [kəˈləʊniəlɪzəm] 美 [kəˈloʊniəlɪzəm]
n.殖民主义
commerce [ˈkɒmɜːs]
n.（尤指国际间的）贸易；商业；商务
记忆技巧：com 共同 + merc 商业，交易 + e → 双方进行交易 → 商业
succession[səkˈseʃn]
n.一连串；一系列；连续的人（或事物）；交替；更迭；继承；继任；（尤指王位的）继承权；
6__ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7__ set of laws.
6、A. Presumably B. Incidentally
C. Obviously D. Generally
7、A. unique B. common
C. particular D. typical
参考答案：D、B
Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.
sovereign，n. 君主、独立国 adj. 有主权的
viable，adj. 可行的
integrate，v. （使……）成整体 adj. 整合的
他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家，大到经济上可运行良好，并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。
2 On the issue of 8_ of religion and the position of the Church, 9 _ there was less agreement 10 _ the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 _ by the Spanish crown.
8、A. freedom B. origin C. impact D. reform
9、A. therefore B. however C. indeed D. moreover
10、A. with B. about C. among D. by
11、A. allowed B. preached C. granted D. funded
参考答案：A、B、C、C
_ 12 _ _most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism __13 _ _the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the__14 __of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying _15__ for the conservative forces.
12、A. Since B. If C. Unless D. While
13、A. as B. for C. under D. against
14、A. spread B. interference
C. exclusion D. influence
15、A. support B. cry C. plea D. wish
参考答案：D、A、C、B
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 __in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17____ colonies.
16、A. urged B. intended
C. expected D. promised
17、A. controlling B. former
C. remaining D. original
参考答案：D、C
egalitarian [iˌɡælɪˈteəriən]
adj.主张人人平等的；平等主义的
n.平等主义；平等主义者
I still believe in the notion of an egalitarian society.
我仍然相信构建人人平等的社会的理念。
Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 _because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 _. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 _self-rule and democracy.
18、A. slower B. faster C. easier D. tougher
19、A. created B. produced
C. contributed D. preferred
20、A. puzzled by B. hostile to
C. pessimistic about D. unprepared for
参考答案：A、B、D
Early promise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed orgin came much slower because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies produced.
多重复合句
主句主干为 Early promise came much slower
不定式结构 to end … mixed origin 作 promises 的后置定语；because 引导原因状语从句
其中包含省略了引导词的定语从句 such policies produced，该定语从句修饰 revenue
先前结束印第安人纳贡和停止向混血人种征税的承诺实现起来就缓慢得多，因为这些新兴国家仍然这些政策带来的财政收入。
A. puzzled by
困惑；
B. hostile to
敌对；
C. pessimistic to
悲观；
D. unprepared to
未准备好。
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