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名词性从句的翻译
一、主语从句的翻译
1、以what,whatever,whoever,whether,when,where,how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
任何值得做的事情都应该做好。
2、用it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子的最前面翻译。为了强调，it一般可以译出来;如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。
二、宾语从句的翻译
1、用that,what,how,when,which,why,whether,if引导的宾语从句，在翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.
他已经通知我他们将什么时候讨论我的建议。
2、用it作形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it有时候可以不用翻译。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock.
我想他们讲清楚了，他们必须在上午10：00前交卷。
但是有时候，也可以再译文中将that引导的宾语从句提到句子最前面翻译。
We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.
打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。
三、表语从句的翻译
英语中的表语从句放在系动词后面，充当表语成分，一般可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。
四、同位语从句的翻译
1、一般来说，翻译时同位语从句可以直接跟在主句后面。
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again。
他表示希望再次来中国访问。
2、有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修饰语，但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下，同位语从句都比较简单。
The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded。
关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。
3、增加“即”（或者“以为”）这样的词来连接，或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。
We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.
我们已经得出了这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准。
Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.
不久前，科学家们获得了一个令人振奋的发现—可以把这种废物变成塑料。
据说，兼职工作对于大学生来说并不是必要的。
It is true that the part-time job is not essential for the development of college students.
甚至有些专家还说道，没有工作经历的学生能够更好地集中他们的学业。
Some scholars even argue that students without working experience can better focus on their academic study.
然而，根据很多的调查，适度参与兼职工作是有利的。
However, according to many surveys, the moderate involvement of part time job is beneficial.
名词性从句翻译综合练习
It is an open secret among addicts enrolled in South Florida treatment facilities that hundreds of suburban homes posing as drug-free recovery residences are little more than co-ed flop house where the use of drugs is permitted and sometimes encouraged.
解析：本句主干是It is an open secret among addicts.
Enrolled in South Florida treatment facilities 是修饰addicts的后置定语。
其后 that hundreds of suburban homes posing as drug-free recovery residences are little more than co-ed flop house 则是一个主语从句，语法功能等于形式主语it。
It is an open secret among addicts enrolled in South Florida treatment facilities that hundreds of suburban homes posing as drug-free recovery residences are little more than co-ed flop house where the use of drugs is permitted and sometimes encouraged.
为了揭示这些康复所的“真实面目”，有一个where引导的定语从句where the use of drugs is permitted and sometimes encouraged修饰co-ed flop house.
【翻译】在注册加入南弗罗里达治疗机构的瘾君子中间，这是一个公开的秘密，在郊区成百家冒充为戒毒康复所的建筑不过是允许甚至尤其鼓励吸毒的男女共住的廉价居所。
Cognitive dissonance is what we feel when the self-concept — I’m smart , I’m kind, I’m convinced this belief is true— is threatened by evidence that we did something that wasn’t smart ,that we did something that hurt another person , that the belief isn’t true.
解析：此句主干是Cognitive dissonance is what we feel.
when the self-concept is threatened by evidence为时间 状语，点明认知失调产生的时机。
I’m smart , I’m kind, I’m convinced this belief is true是self-concept的同位语，解释自我认知是指“我坚信自己是聪明的且善良的、我坚信这是真的”这种想法。
Evidence后又引出了3个并列的同位语从句：that we did something that wasn’t smart ,that we did something that hurt another person , that the belief isn’t true .进一步阐释是什么样的证据。
Cognitive dissonance is what we feel when the self-concept — I’m smart , I’m kind, I’m convinced this belief is true— is threatened by evidence that we did something that wasn’t smart ,that we did something that hurt another person , that the belief isn’t true.
【翻译】认知失调是我们在自我认知—我是聪明的、善良的，我坚信这是真的—受到证据挑战时产生的感受，这些证据显示我们做了不聪明的、伤害其他人的事，证明我们之前的想法是错的。
The breadth of the attack seems to indicate that the software had been spreading around the globe possibly for weeks but lay dormant when first introduced into a network,said Sean Dillon, a senior security analyst with RiskSense Inc.
解析：这句话的主干是间接引语…said Sean Dillon.
a senior security analyst with RiskSense Inc. 是同位语，介绍Sean Dillon 的背景。
剩下的切分成分均为said的宾语，即所引用的内容：The breadth of the attack seems to indicate that…。
而indicate后面又内嵌了一个宾语从句that the software had been spreading around the globe possibly for weeks but lay dormant 。
而 when first introduced into a network则为时间状语，表示软件在什么时候是处于休眠状态的。
The breadth of the attack seems to indicate that the software had been spreading around the globe possibly for weeks but lay dormant when first introduced into a network,said Sean Dillon, a senior security analyst with RiskSense Inc.
【翻译】RiskSense公司的高级安全分析师肖恩·狄伦说，这次袭击的范围似乎显示该软件可能已经再全球传播了几周，但在最开始引入网络时保持着休眠状态。
It is hard to reason with someone under the illusion that their beliefs are though through , and simply presenting facts is unlikely to change beliefs when those beliefs are rooted in the values and groupthink of a community.
【分析】本句是形式并列句。分句1形式主语it， 真正主语为to reason with someone；
系动词is；表语 hard ；
under the illusion为后置定语修饰someone；that 引导同位语从句，作illusion的同位语。
分句2主语为presenting facts ；
系动词is；表语unlikely；
when引导时间状语从句，其中主语those beliefs，谓语are rooted，in the values and groupthink of a community .为状语。
It is hard to reason with someone under the illusion that their beliefs are though through , and simply presenting facts is unlikely to change beliefs when those beliefs are rooted in the values and groupthink of a community.
【翻译】某些人自以为已经透彻思考过自身观念了，对于这类人来说，你是很难与其理论的；如果某个团体也拥有这样的价值观和集体思维，只靠摆事实更是不大可能改变这种状况了。
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