考研英语阅读之新题型-排序题（上）
Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list[A]-[G]and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs[D] and [G]have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSEWR SHEET.
（10 points）
[A] But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes—by default, when doctors do “everything possible” , as they have been trained to, without talking through people’s preferences or ensuring that the prognosis is clearly understood. Just a third of American patients with terminal cancer are asked about their goals at the end of life, for example ,whether they wish to attend a special event.
But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes—by default, when doctors do“everything possible”, as they have been trained to, without talking through people’s preferences or ensuring that the prognosis is clearly understood.
复合句，树形长句
主干patients receive treatment
in spite of 让步状语
when引导时间状语从句
as作为连词引导原因状语从句
其中主语they，谓语have been trained
without 引导伴随状语
or连接两个并列宾语从句，一个是talking through…一个是is understood
But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes—by default, when doctors do“everything possible”, as they have been trained to, without talking through people’s preferences or ensuring that the prognosis is clearly understood.
但大多数的时候，医生往往不会与病人充分探讨其个人意愿，也不会确保病人是否清楚的理解预后情况，便由于职业训练，不顾病人临终意愿，默认地“尽一切可能”对患者施以高强度的治疗。
[B] More palliative care is needed.This neglected branch of medicine deals with the relief of pain and other symptoms, such as breathlessness, as well as counselling for the terminally ill. Until recently it was often dismissed as barely medicine at all : mere tea and sympathy when all hope has gone. Even in Britain, where the hospice movement began, access to palliative care is patchy. Recent studies have shown how wrongheaded that is. Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering, but to prolong life, too.
palliative [ˈpæliətɪv]
n.治标药物；缓解剂；保守疗法；权宜之计；消极措施；缓冲剂
The loan was a palliative, not a cure, for ever-increasing financial troubles
对于越来越多的财政问题，贷款只是权宜之计，不是解决方法。
[C] Polls, including one carried out in four large countries by the Kaiser Family Foundation , an American think-tank, and The Economist, find that most people in good health hope that, when the time comes, they will die at home. And few, when asked about their hopes for their final days, say that their priority is to live as long as possible. Rather, they want to die free from pain, at peace, and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.
Polls, including one carried out in four large countries by the Kaiser Family Foundation , an American think-tank, and The Economist, find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes, they will die at home.
复合句
主句主语polls，谓语find，宾语为that引导的宾语从句
宾从主干为most people hope that
其中第二个that引导小宾语从句，作hope的宾语
when引导时间状语从句
including引导的部分为插入语，补充说明polls
美国智库凯撒基金会和经济学人在四大国共同实施了一次民调，该民调及其他各类民调均发现，大多数健康人都希望能在大限来临之际于家中过世。
[D] Some deaths are unavoidably miserable. Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death’s imminence with champagne, as Anton Chekhov did. What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears. Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital. A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death. Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.
imminence
n.即将来临，逼近；紧迫的危险或灾祸；即将来临之事物
In face of competition of our manufacture industry with world wide, the paper analyzes the necessary and imminence of innovation design.
论文从分析入世后中国制造业面临的严峻形势入手，剖析了进行创新设计的必要性和迫切性。
[E] These changes should be part of a broad shift in the way health-care systems deal with serious illness. Much care for the chronically ill needs to move out of hospitals altogether. That would mean some health-care funding being diverted to social support. The financial incentives for doctors and hospitals need to change, too. They are typically paid by insurers and governments to do things to patients, not to try to prevent disease or to make patients comfortable.
Medicare, America’s public health scheme for the over-65s, has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients; other national health-care systems, and insurers, should follow. Cost is not an obstacle, since informed, engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures. Fewer doctors may be sued, as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.
[F] This newspaper has called for the legalization of doctor-assisted dying, so that mentally fit, terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish. But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life. The evidence suggests that most people want this option, but that few would, in the end, choose to exercise it. To give people the death they say they want, medicine should take some simple steps.
[G] Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death, not to talk about its inevitability. But talk they must. A good start would be the wider use of the‘’Serious Illness Conversation Guide“ drawn up by Atul Gawande, a surgeon and author.It is a short questionnaire designed to find out what terminally ill patients know about their condition and to understand what their goals are as the end nears. Early research suggests it encourages more, earlier conversations and reduces suffering.
41（ ）— D — 42 （ ） — 43（ ）— 44（ ）— G — 45 （ ）
网校答案：C、A、F、B、E
1、人们愿意在家中没有痛苦，安详地离世。
2、但是有些死亡无可避免要遭受痛苦，临终的人愿意接受治疗。
3、但大多数时候，医生为临终病人实施的治疗强度很大，且不太会考虑病人本身意愿。
4、本刊呼吁病人的临终意愿之一—医生协助死亡能够合法化。
5、病人需要更多的临终关怀。
6、医生应该多了解临终病人的意愿。
7、除此之外，其他方面也应做出一些相关的改变。
[C] Polls, including one carried out in four large countries by the Kaiser Family Foundation , an American think-tank, and The Economist, find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes, they will die at home. And few,when asked about their hopes for their final days, say that their priority is to live as long as possible. Rather, they want to die free from pain, at peace, and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.
人们愿意在家中没有痛苦，安详地离世。
[D] Some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death’s imminence with champagne, as Anton Chekhov did. What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears. Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital. A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death. Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.
但是有些死亡无可避免要遭受痛苦，临终的人愿意接受治疗。
[A] But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes—by default, when doctors do “everything possible” , as they have been trained to, without talking through people’s preferences or ensuring that the prognosis is clearly understood. Just a third of American patients with terminal cancer are asked about their goals at the end of life, for example, whether they wish to attend a special event.
但大多数时候，医生为临终病人实施的治疗强度很大，且不太会考虑病人本身意愿。
[F] This newspaper has called for the legalization of doctor-assisted dying, so that mentally fit, terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish. But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life. The evidence suggests that most people want this option, but that few would, in the end, choose to exercise it. To give people the death they say they want, medicine should take some simple steps.
本刊呼吁病人的临终意愿之一—医生协助死亡能够合法化
[B] More palliative care is needed.This neglected branch of medicine deals with the relief of pain and other symptoms, such as breathlessness, as well as counselling for the terminally ill. Until recently it was often dismissed as barely medicine at all : mere tea and sympathy when all hope has gone. Even in Britain, where the hospice movement began, access to palliative care is patchy. Recent studies have shown how wrongheaded that is. Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering, but to prolong life, too.
病人需要更多的临终关怀
[G] Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death, not to talk about its inevitability. But talk they must. A good start would be the wider use of the ‘’Serious Illness Conversation Guide” drawn up by Atul Gawande, a surgeon and author. It is a short questionnaire designed to find out what terminally ill patients know about their condition and to understand what their goals are as the end nears. Early research suggests it encourages more, earlier conversations and reduces suffering.
医生应该多了解临终病人的意愿。
[E] These changes should be part of a broad shift in the way health-care systems deal with serious illness. Much care for the chronically ill needs to move out of hospitals altogether. That would mean some health-care funding being diverted to social support. The financial incentives for doctors and hospitals need to change, too. They are typically paid by insurers and governments to do things to patients, not to try to prevent disease or to make patients comfortable.
Medicare, America’s public health scheme for the over-65s, has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients; other national health-care systems, and insurers, should follow. Cost is not an obstacle, since informed, engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures. Fewer doctors may be sued, as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.
除此之外，其他方面也应做出一些相关的改变。
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