考研英语阅读之新题型-多项对应（下）
Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）
[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.
[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.
[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.
[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.
[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context.
如果遇到不熟悉的词语或习语，你可以利用上下文提供的一些线索猜测它们的意思。
On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.
假设这些词语或习语会在下文中产生关联，那么你就要在心里几下某些语篇实体以及它们之间可能存在的联系。
[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity-inferences that from the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.
[F]In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.
[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to text on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures （so especially its language structures） and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.
Rather, we ascribe meanings to text on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures （so especially its language structures） and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.
ascribe [əˈskraɪb]
v. 把…归因于；把…归咎于；认为是…的特点；认为…具有；认为…是…所说（或所为）
interaction 互动，相互作用；
textual 文本的；
contextual 语境的，环境的，背景的；
perceive 感觉，得到；
Rather, we ascribe meanings to text on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures （so especially its language structures） and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.
本句是一个多重复合句，
主句为we ascribe meanings to texts
介词短语on the basis of interaction作状语，修饰主句
介词短语between what we might call textual and contextual material作后置定语，修饰interaction
介词短语between kinds of organization or patterning and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude做同位语，解释between what we might call textual and contextual material
we perceive in a text’s formal structures （so especially its language structures）是省略that的定语从句，修饰organization or patterning
that we bring to the text是由that引导的定语从句，修饰background, social knowledge, belief and attitude .
Rather, we ascribe meanings to text on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures （so especially its language structures） and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.
与之相反，我们赋予文章以意义，基于我们可称之为文章本身和出身背景之间的相互作用：即我们从文章的形式结构（尤其是它的语言结构）中所得到的各种组织和模式与我们理解文章时所带入的各种背景、社会知识、信仰和态度之间的相互作用。
You make further inferences, for instance,
你还会做出进一步的判断，比如
about how the text may be significant to you,
这篇文章对你的重要程度
or about its validity—
或者是文章的合理性
inferences that from the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.
这些推断是构成读者自身反应的基础，而作者对这一自身反应所产生的影响则必然很小。
How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar.（41）______ you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.
utterance [ˈʌtərəns]
n.用言语的表达；说话；话语；言论
参考答案：C
Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar .
explicit [ɪkˈsplɪsɪt]
记忆技巧：ex 出 + plic 重叠，折叠 + it →〔说话〕不啰 嗦的 → 直爽的
adj. 清楚明白的；不隐晦的；不含糊的
显然，你是通过识别每个单词的意思，弄懂它们之间的关系，并利用你所掌握的隐性英语语法知识来尝试理解文章。
The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues （42）_______
assimilation [əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn]
n. 吸收；接受；同化（使相邻的两个音发音接近，如football中t的发音为p）；同化现象
参考答案：E
Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. （43）_______
retrieval [rɪˈtriːvl]
n. 取回；索回；数据检索
参考答案：G
What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world.
这里所讨论的“理解”并不是能够准确读出或查出的文本的绝对的、固定的或“真正”的含义的复现，也不是文本与世界的某种永恒的关系。
Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, （44） _______This doesn’ t , however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.
参考答案：B
Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.
正是因为来自不同历史时期、不同地点以及拥有不同社会经历的读者会对同意页上的相同文字（包括与人类所有关注的根本问题密切相关的文本）产生不同却又重合的解读，因此，关于文本的讨论才能在信仰和价值观的社会讨论中发挥重要作用。
How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. （45）_______such dimensions of read suggest— as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit （often unacknowledged） agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.
参考答案：A
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